Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most successful reconstructive procedures in orthopaedics in terms of pain relief and functional recovery. This success is largely attributable to the progressive evolution of prosthetic design in response to clinical demands, biomechanical principles, and advances in materials science. In the early period, the primary objective was to achieve reliable fixation and prevent early loosening; in subsequent decades, however, wear-related osteolysis, instability, periprosthetic fractures, modular junction complications, and the increasing burden of revision surgery have substantially shaped design priorities. This review classifies hip prostheses according to their types and outlines their historical development, examining the evolution of the acetabular component, femoral stem, and bearing surfaces in relation to the predominant clinical challenges of each era. Each section highlights key historical milestones and discusses their outcomes as well as their current applications. Numerous prosthetic designs are addressed with emphasis on their historical significance and distinctive structural features, together with their specific advantages and limitations. Within this framework, the existing literature is analyzed from both historical and thematic perspectives, and the clinical implications of design modifications are critically evaluated. Accordingly, the evolution of prosthetic design is presented not merely as a technological progression, but as a dynamic process driven by the need to respond to an evolving complication profile. The final section explores how porous architectures, additive manufacturing technologies, patient- specific implants, and robotic-assisted surgery are transforming the contemporary design ecosystem.