Intertrochanteric femur fractures are common extracapsular hip fractures, particularly in the elderly population, and are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. With increasing life expectancy and the rising prevalence of osteoporosis, the incidence of these fractures continues to increase. The anatomical characteristics, biomechanics, and stability of the fracture are the principal determinants in treatment planning. The Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen / Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification system is currently the most widely used classification method in clinical practice, and distinguishing between stable and unstable fracture patterns is critical for implant selection. Clinically, patients typically present with pain, limb shortening, external rotation deformity, and inability to bear weight. Although diagnosis is primarily established using plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in cases with equivocal findings. Surgical intervention remains the standard treatment for intertrochanteric fractures, with the primary goal of achieving stable fixation and enabling early mobilization. While dynamic hip screw fixation is an effective option for stable fractures, intramedullary nailing has become the preferred treatment for unstable fractures because of its biomechanical advantages. Early postoperative mobilization and appropriate rehabilitation are essential for optimizing functional outcomes. Nevertheless, complications such as cut-out, varus collapse, anterior cortical perforation, and infection may adversely affect treatment success. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the epidemiology, classification systems, diagnostic methods, contemporary treatment strategies, complications, and prognosis of intertrochanteric femur fractures.