The involvement of the elbow joint in systemic diseases constitutes a broad clinical spectrum that can lead to significant functional impairment through diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. As a joint that plays a critical role in daily activities, the elbow enables the performance of essential functions such as personal care, feeding, and grasping through complex movement coordination. Therefore, pain, stiffness, or limitation of motion directly affects a patient`s level of independence and quality of life. Inflammatory arthritis, metabolic and hematologic disorders, infectious arthritis, and post-traumatic processes may affect the elbow joint in different ways by inducing structural and functional alterations in the synovium, cartilage, capsule, and periarticular tissues. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, clinical features, imaging findings, and treatment approaches of elbow involvement in these disease groups in accordance with the current literature. By emphasizing that elbow joint findings may often serve as early or prominent indicators of underlying systemic diseases, it highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and timely intervention in preventing long- term functional loss.