Limb lengthening surgery is an advanced orthopedic technique designed to correct congenital or acquired limb deformities and restore functionality. External fixators such as the Ilizarov method, motorized intramedullary nails, and computer- assisted systems are commonly employed. However, prolonged treatment durations, complex surgical techniques, and patient compliance requirements elevate complication risks. Complications are classified as minor (e.g., superficial pin-tract infections) or major (e.g., nonunion or neurovascular injuries). Patient education, early diagnosis, multidisciplinary teamwork, and surgical expertise are pivotal in preventing and managing complications.